Golombok Rust Inventory Of Sexual Satisfaction Research Articles

Pelvic Pain and Sexual Function in Primiparous Pregnant Women with and without High/Severe Fear of Childbirth

Abstract Introduction This study aimed to determine pelvic pain and sexual dysfunction in primiparous pregnant women with varying levels of fear of childbirth (FOC). Methods This is a descriptive correlational study. This study was conducted with 400 pregnant women at 24–40 weeks of gestation who applied to the obstetrics polyclinic of a hospital between January 2022 and March 2022. Data were collected through a personal information form, the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire (W-DEQ-A), the Pelvic Pain Impact Questionnaire (PPIQ), and Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) Female Form. Results Of the 400 pregnant women, 232 (58%) had high/severe FOC. High/severe FOC was a risk factor that negatively affected pelvic pain and sexual function (frequency of sexual intercourse, communication, sexual satisfaction, avoidance, touching, vaginismus, and anorgasmia) in pregnant women (p < 0.000). In addition, pregnant women with high/severe FOC avoided vaginal examination (p = 0.016), had higher fear of vaginal examination (p = 0.004), experienced more pain or burning during sexual intercourse (p = 0.017), and had more fear of pain during sexual intercourse (p = 0.003). Conclusions High/severe FOC during pregnancy is an important risk factor that negatively affects pelvic pain and sexual function. Policy Implications Identifying pregnant women with high/severe FOC and support programs such as antenatal education programs or cognitive coping strategies to cope with FOC may be useful in preventing pelvic pain and sexual functions that may be negatively affected.

Association between sexual dysfunction, self-esteem and sexual satisfaction in women

ABSTRACT
 Backround: The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among female sexual dysfunction, self-esteem and sexual satisfaction.
 Method: The participants of the study were 321 women who applied for any sexual disorders to the Polyclinics of Gynecology of y Education and Research Hospital, x, Turkey. Their age ranged from 18 to 56. The participants completed a personal information form prepared by researcher, the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory developed by Stanley Coopersmith (1986) and the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction validated by Tuğrul (1988).
 Results: The results indicated that female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and self-esteem were moderately negatively correlated (r= -.598, p<.01). FSD and sexual satisfaction were strongly positively correlated (r= .712, p<.01). Sexual satisfaction and self-esteem were moderately negatively correlated (r= -.472, p <.01). These findings reveal that the higher sexual dysfunction women have the less self-esteem they have and the less sexual satisfaction they experience.
 Conclusion: With the proper treatment of sexual dysfunction and interventions for improving the self-esteem, women can evaluate themselves in a more positive way and become more sexually satisfied. Thus, it is very significant to teach sexuality in a correct way and to increase sexual education and awareness among women.

AB1494 SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION IN BEHÇET’S DISEASE: IS IT AN OVERLOOKED PROBLEM, ESPECIALLY IN MALE BEHÇET’S PATIENTS?

BackgroundBehçet’s disease (BD) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease characterized by oral and urogenital ulcers, ocular, musculoskeletal, vascular, and neurological involvement. Recent evidence suggests that sexual dysfunction (SD) is prevalent in BD patients.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the frequency of SD in BD and compare the rates of SD in Behçet’s patients with neurological involvement (NBD), Behçet’s patients without neurological involvement (BDWONI) and healthy controls (HC).MethodsAge matched, sexually active 59 BD (17 NBD, 42 BDWONI) patients and 36 HC were recruited. All participants were questioned with Short Form-36, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), in addition, disease activity has been assessed by Behçet Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF) in all BD patients.ResultsThe rate of SD was higher in BD patients (44.2%) compared to HC (14.2%) (p= 0.003)(Figure 1).Male BD patients had lower sexual function scores compared to male HC. Three parameters of GRISS (premature ejaculation, noncommunication, infrequency) were observed more frequently in male BD patients compared with male HC (6.5 vs 4.7, 3.6 vs 2.0, 3.9 vs 2.4, p< 0.05 for all). The SD rates were comparable between female BD patients and HC. SD rates were similar in BDWONI (44.2%) and NBD (42.8%) groups (p> 0.05). BDCAF score was negatively correlated with IIEF scores of male BD patients (r=-0.437) and positively correlated with GRISS scores of female BD patients (r=0.748) (p< 0.05). There was no relation between SD and depression in BD patients (p= 0.284).ConclusionThe frequency of SD is increased in BD compared to HC and affects males more frequently than females. Premature ejaculation, infrequency and noncommunication are common sexual problems in male BD patients. In conclusion, BD has a negative effect on sexuality and BD patients should be evaluated in terms of SD during follow up.

The Relationship among Dyadic Adjustment and Disease Burden in Patients with Bipolar Disorder and Their Spouses.

(1) Background: Spouses of individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) experience significant burdens, and the perception of the burden may affect dyadic adjustment. We aimed to investigate the sexual functions, alexithymic traits, marital satisfaction, and burden in patients with BD and their spouses. We also aimed to assess the mediating role of sexual functions and alexithymia in the relationship between burden and dyadic adjustment. (2) Methods: We included 81 patients with BD type 1 (40.69 ± 8.55 years, 65.4% female, and 34.6% male) and their healthy spouses (40.95 ± 7.30 years, 34.6% female, and 65.4% male) and 78 healthy controls (38.90 ± 5.88, 48.7% female, and 51.3% male). The participants were evaluated using the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS), Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), and Burden Assessment Scale (BAS). (3) Results: The GRISS scores of the control group were significantly lower than the spouses and BD groups. The DAS total score of the control group was significantly higher than that of the spouses and BD groups. Regression analyses revealed that TAS, GRISS, and HDRS scores were associated with DAS scores in the BD group. In the spouse group, TAS and BAS scores were associated with DAS scores. The GRISS scores partially mediated the relationship between dyadic adjustment and burden in the spouses of patients with BD. (4) Conclusions: Mental health professionals should regularly scan caregivers' perceptions of burden. Appropriate psychosocial interventions could help spouses of patients with BD to cope better with the burden and improve dyadic adjustment.

Sexual dysfunction, depression, and marital dissatisfaction among Brazilian couples.

Health professionals treating sexual dysfunction and relational dissatisfaction recognize that they are multifactorial phenomena, and depression can be bidirectionally associated with both. The purpose of this study was to investigate sexual dysfunction in heterosexual couples in relation to the quality of their marital relationship and depression symptoms. The sample consisted of 100 heterosexual couples recruited in Brazil. Both partners of each couple completed the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction and the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Marital Satisfaction, which were translated and adapted, and the Beck Depression Inventory, which was validated for the Brazilian population. Both partners completed their questionnaires separately, and the couple's surveys were linked to preserve conjugal data for dyadic analysis. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model was used to understand how sexual dysfunction in couples is related to depression and relationship quality among and between partners. Sexual dysfunction was found to be strongly associated with dissatisfaction in the relationship (husbands, β = 0.57, P < 0.001; wives, β = 0.60, P < 0.001), and a positive association was found between depressive symptoms and marital dissatisfaction (husbands, β = .32, P < .001; wives β = .40, P < .001). The results suggest that it is important for health professionals to be aware of the dyadic impact of struggles with both sex and the relationship and the presence of depression symptoms in patients who seek care for sexual complaints or depression and who are in a marital relationship. The different results found for men and women may shed light on the biopsychosocial dimensions of human sexuality. When treated as a purely physical experience, sex is myopic. In this study we demonstrated psychosocial aspects associated with gender and sexuality, and the partner's variables were found to have a greater impact on women than they did on the men. A limitation of this study is that the sample is not generalizable as it is not demographically representative of all socioeconomic groups in Brazil. Furthermore, the participants in this sample did not have clinical levels of depression, so the results cannot be extended to couples in which one or both spouses have depressive disorder. It was found that sexual dysfunction is strongly associated with the quality of the couple relationship, and that the quality of relationship plays a mediating role between depression and marital quality, especially for the women.

Prevalence of sexual dysfunction risk in cocaine users in a sample of Spanish men

Sexuality should be able to be experienced in a healthy way. This can be affected by drug use in general and cocaine use in particular. Other aspects that can influence sexuality are anxiety and sexual attitudes. The main aim of this work is to explore and analyse how cocaine use affects men’s sexual response. In the present study, the GRISS (Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction) questionnaire was used to assess sexual function, the SOS (Sexual Opinion Survey) questionnaire to evaluate sexual attitudes, and the STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) questionnaire to measure sexual anxiety. The sample consisted of 471 male cocaine users and 82 male non-users. The sampling was carried out in different treatment centres throughout Spain. The results indicate that male cocaine users score worse on the GRISS questionnaire, indicating a higher likelihood of sexual dysfunction, worse scores on the SOS questionnaire and higher anxiety levels. It is also observed that scores on the GRISS questionnaire did not improve over time. The differences were statistically significant and the initial study hypotheses were confirmed. The practical utility of this research lies in the applicability of these data in addiction treatment centres, and the potential for these centres to enhance specific interventions that promote healthy sexuality.

Alexithymia and Parental Bonding in Women with Genitopelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder.

The role of emotion regulation and alexithymia in the pathophysiology of genitopelvic pain/penetration disorder (GPPPD) is emphasized. Parental bonding is linked to emotion regulation and alexithymia. This study aimed to examine the relationships between parental bonding, alexithymia, and GPPPD. Sixty-four patients with GPPPD were enrolled in the study, and 60 controls were matched for demographic features. Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) was used to evaluate alexithymia, the Bonding to Parents Scale (BPS) was used to assess parental bonding, and sexual functions were assessed via Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS). The rate of alexithymic traits was statistically higher in the GPPPD group than in the controls (p = 0.005). Patients with GPPPD obtained higher scores on the maternal care/control (p = 0.003) and maternal overprotection (p = 0.008) compared to controls. Difficulty describing feelings factor of alexithymia (p = 0.012) emerged as a predictor of group membership (GPPPD vs controls). To test whether alexithymia was significantly associated with parental bonding, all subjects were divided into two subgroups, alexithymic and non-alexithymic. When the subgroups were compared in terms of parental attitudes, maternal (p = 0.034) and paternal (p = 0.006) overprotection subscale scores were higher in the alexithymic group than in the non-alexithymic group. According to the results, alexithymic traits are characteristic of patients with GPPPD; however, although patients with GPPPD may experience difficulties with perceived parental bonding, this factor does not appear to be a predictor of GPPPD.

The Relationship Between Social Maturity and Sexual Satisfaction, Subjective Well-being, and Controlling Behaviors in Couples: Emphasizing the Mediating Role of Marital Commitment

Background: Subjective well-being and life satisfaction can help individuals achieve more success in their lives and enjoy better supportive social relationships and higher levels of physical and mental health. The present study aimed to determine the relationship of social maturity with sexual satisfaction, subjective well-being, and controlling behaviors through the mediating role of marital commitment in couples. Methods: The statistical population in this correlational cross-sectional study included all couples in Tehran City, Iran, in 2019, of which 370 people were selected as the sample using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research tools included Rao’s social maturity scale (RSMS), the Golombok-Rust inventory of sexual satisfaction (GRISS), the subjective well-being scale (SWS), the controlling behaviors scale (CBS), and the dimensions of commitment inventory (DCI). The obtained data were statistically analyzed by employing structural equation modeling (SEM) in SPSS software, version 23 and LISREL version 8.8. Results: The results showed a positive relationship between sexual satisfaction and social maturity as well as between subjective well-being and social maturity, both mediated by marital commitment (P&lt;0.001). However, a negative relationship was observed between controlling behaviors and social maturity, mediated by marital commitment (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the proposed model had a good fit. Therefore, considering the findings of this study helps researchers and therapists design more appropriate therapies.

The effects of chronotype on sexual satisfaction and quality of life in couples.

Physiological, psychological, and behavioral variables are under circadian regularity audit in humans. Chronotype describes an individual's time preference regarding mental/physical endeavors and represents the circadian rhythm's physiological expressions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of couples' chronotypes on their sexual satisfaction and quality of life. 228 heterosexual Turkish adults (114 females and 114 males with a mean age of 35.57 years and a standard deviation of 6.95 years), recruited from the general population, participated as 114 couples in this study. Demographic data were recorded. Chronotype assessment was made using the Morningness/Eveningness Questionaire. The quality of life (QOL) was scored using the World Health Organization-BREF scale. Sexual satisfaction was assessed using the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) and the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale (NSSS). From morningness to intermediate and then to eveningness, the E-type females scored highest in the physical and psychological aspects of quality of life assessments. Regarding sexual satisfaction E-type females scored better than M-type and I-type females for most sub-scores and the overall score of GRISS. The couple/partner-centered sub-score and the overall NSSS score were highest in E-Type females. Chronotype similarity status affected QOL in females physically/psychologically, but not males. Sexual satisfaction was not significantly affected by couples' chronotype similarity. The individual's chronotype is a significant factor affecting the quality of life in the female gender and sexual satisfaction in both genders. However, the chronotype similarity status of the couple does not substantially affect the couple's quality of life and sexual satisfaction. We suggest that chronotype similarity is not essential for improving couples' quality of life and sexual satisfaction.

The factors affecting sexual satisfaction and sexual myths in married women: A prospective study

Aim: The cultural differences and taboos of the society affect women’s sexual life and sexual relationship qualities and their belief in sexual myths. In addition, women’s demographic characteristics and living conditions are also effective on sexual myths. Our aim in this study is to analyze the frequency of believing in sexual myths in married women and to examine the factors affecting sexual life and sexual relationship qualities.&#x0D; Material and Method: Married women between the ages of 18-55 in the tertiary gynecology and obstetrics clinic were included in the study, prospectively. Demographic characteristics of women such as age, marital status, marriage and employment status, monthly income, family structure and number of children, sexual life and sexual relationship qualities and sexual myths were compared. The Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) Scale, which is used to evaluate the quality of sexual intercourse and sexual dysfunctions, and The Sexual Myth Scale to determine the status of having sexual myths were used. &#x0D; Results: Overall 171 married women were included in the study. The median age was 35 years (IQR 29-43) and 60.8% (n=104) were university graduates and 20.5% (n=35) were graduate/doctoral graduates. The rate of believing in sexual myths among married women was 21.4%. As the age of the women increased, the frequency of sexual intercourse decreased (p

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Social Isolation on the Sexual Functioning of Women Who Have Been Treated for Vaginismus.

Background: Multiple factors that impact the mental and hormonal condition of the person influence female sexual function. To our knowledge, however, hardly any research has investigated the sexual function during the COVID-19 pandemic for women who were treated for vaginismus.Aim: The purpose of this research is to examine how sexual function, frequency of sexual activity, and dyspareunia altered in women who had been treated for vaginismus before the pandemic.Methods: This observational study ultimately included 204 patients with completely treated vaginismus at the Women's Health Clinic . Before and during the pandemic, the following data was collected: age, education level, profession, frequency of sexual activity, Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) scores, Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) scores, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) scores.Results: Before the pandemic, the mean ASEX score of women in the research group was 12.56±3.41 , and during the pandemic, ASEX average scores of the women significantly increased to 16.88±5.56 . The GRISS total scores were 28.7±10.1 (range, 14-50) following therapy and 23.9±14.8 (8-58) during the pandemic. After therapy, the HDRS score was 9.58±5.53 (1-19) , while it was 15.21±6.43 (5-26) during the pandemic. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, mental health declined significantly, indicating a mild state of depression unrelated to vaginismus. During the pandemic, the mean frequency of sexual activity was 2.9±1.4 per week, and the frequency of sexual encounters did not considerably vary.Clinical Implications: Therapists should examine the pandemic's impacts on all sexual function symptom categories and modify their treatment plans appropriately. The findings indicate that lowering COVID-19-related stress may be especially useful in minimizing the negative impact of COVID-19 on symptoms. We noticed that vaginismus-treated women did not relapse during the pandemic.Limitations: The study population was comprised of women attending a particular women health clinic. This can place a certain bias on the demography of the patient population.Conclusion: The present research indicated that the frequency of sexual activity among women treated for vaginismus did not alter, and notwithstanding a rise in stress and depression ratings, the majority of sexual function scores, including pain, improved during the pandemic. Nonetheless, dissatisfaction and anorgasmia subscales deteriorated, while ASEX satisfaction did not improve to the same extent, suggesting deleterious consequences on sexual function.

High/severe fear of childbirth and related risk factors among pregnant women: is vaginismus a risk factor?

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of fear of childbirth (FOC) and associated factors including vaginismus in pregnant women with high/severe FOC. In the study, 407 women who were at 24–40 weeks of gestation were included. The Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire Version A (WDEQA), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and vaginismus sub-scale of the Golombok Rust inventory of sexual satisfaction (GRISS) were used. 186 (46%) participants had high/severe FOC. Pregnant women with high/severe FOC had a significantly higher fear of pain during sexual intercourse, higher scores in the WDEQA, BDI, BAI, and vaginismus sub-scale of GRISS. Depression and anxiety level, educational level, access to information on delivery during pregnancy, presence of medical disease, and expression of FOC were predictors of high/severe FOC. Assessment of FOC and associated risk factors, including vaginismus, during pregnancy, will enable the identification of risk groups and the creation of support programmes. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? The range of fear of childbirth (FOC) changes from mild anxiety to severe fear. The prevalence and severity of FOC and related risk factors vary in the studies due to cultural factors, differences in the definition of FOC and measurement tools. The relationship between FOC and vaginismus has not been sufficiently investigated. What do the results of this study add? This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of fear of childbirth (FOC) and associated factors including vaginismus in pregnant women with high/severe FOC. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? This is the first study that evaluates vaginismus as a risk factor for FOC. Assessment of FOC and associated risk factors, including vaginismus, in pregnant women, will enable the identification of risk groups and the creation of support programs for risk reduction.

Psychological symptoms and sexual satisfaction in polygamic and monogamic wives

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the sexual satisfaction and mental health indicators in polygamous and monogamous women in Turkey. The study included 108 female participants: 36 monogamous wives and 72 polygamous wives. &#x0D; Materials and Methods: The participants were evaluated with the Symptom Check List (SCL-90-R) and Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS). &#x0D; Results: There were significant differences between the groups regarding the total GRISS score and Dissatisfaction, Sensuality, Vaginismus, and Anorgasmia subscale scores. In comparing the SCL-90 scores with ANOVA, the senior wife group had significantly higher scores in the Depression subscales. Monogamic wives had higher satisfaction from their sexual lives and had less frequent psychiatric symptoms than polygamic wives. &#x0D; Conclusion: It is important to raise awareness about the polygamic family structure, draw attention to often neglected issues such as sexual health, and improve the health services provided to this group.

Determination of Dyadic Adjustment, Marriage and Sexual Satisfaction as Risk Factors for Women with Lifelong Vaginismus: A Case Control Study.

This study was conducted to assess dyadic adjustment, marriage, and sexual satisfaction as risk factors for women with lifelong vaginismus. This is a case-control study. A total of 142 women were included in the study: 71 women with a diagnosis of lifetime vaginismus constituted the study group and 71 women without a history of vaginismus/painful sexual activity constituted the control group. Data were collected using a questionnaire and the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS), the Marriage Satisfaction Scale (MSS), and the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS). Duration of marriage (OR = 1.344), frequency of sexual intercourse (OR = 0.059), marital satisfaction (OR = 1.450), sexual satisfaction (OR = 0.901), and consensus (OR = 1.749), which is a sub-dimension of RDAS, were found to be risk factors increasing likelihood of vaginismus by 83% (χ2 = 140.191, p < .001). In addition, those with low level of education, diagnosed with a psychological disorder (anxiety, depression, etc.), who found their spouse's body disgusting, who scored lower in MAS sub-dimensions, and who received lower total score in the RDAS and its satisfaction subdimension were more likely to have vaginismus (p < .05). Duration of marriage, sexual intercourse frequency, sexual satisfaction, marital satisfaction, and consensus are important risk factors for vaginismus. It may be incomplete to consider vaginismus only as a vaginal penetration problem. Women's demographic characteristics, dyadic adjustment, and marital and sexual satisfaction should be handled in a holistic manner.

Prevalence and Types of Sexual Dysfunction Among Female Medical Students

Background: Sexuality is a complex phenomenon that is being influenced by psychological, nutritional as well as physiological factors. Its dysfunction includes desire, arousal, orgasmic and sex pain disorders. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) and risk factors in a cohort of both married and unmarried female students in UDS-Tamale. Methods: The Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) was administered to 150 female students independent of age (mean±SD: single (24.1 ± 2.0) and married (29.6 ± 5.2)) domiciled in UDS-Tamale campus. Results: Out of a total of 150 questionnaires administered. 93 (62.0%) females returned the questionnaires, and 79 were complete and evaluable questionnaires. This represents 52.7% response rate. From this study, the age ranges as well as the mean (SD) of the age of the participants are 20 to 42 and 27.0 ± 4.8 years respectively. The mean duration of marriage is 4.6 ± 3.4 years. Majority of the studied participants are non-smokers (97.5%), do not consumed alcoholic beverages (67.1%), do not have any chronic disease (69.6%) and do not also have any family history of any chronic disease condition (55.7%). The mean income level, BMI as well as WHR are Ghc 590.1 ±406.9, 25.6 ± 3.5 kg m-2 and 0.8 ± 0.1 respectively. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction among the single respondent was 67.6%. The most prevalent areas of difficulties were: infrequency 81.1%, Avoidance 64.9%, non-communication 64.9%, dissatisfaction 64.9%, anorgasmia 62.2%, non-sensuality 56.8% and vaginismus 56.8%. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction among the married respondent was 54.8%. Sexual dysfunction is high in both single female (67.9%) and married female (54.8%) medical students in the study. Conclusion: Married females in the study were more obese than single females, and the married-obese group was associated with high sexual dysfunction. Notwithstanding this however, the single-normal females had more sexual dysfunction compared to the married-normal females. The SD in the females appear to be contributed mostly by infrequency and avoidance in the single female group, whereas by dissatisfaction and infrequency in the married female group.

The Relationship of Anxiety Level to Marital Adjustment and Sexual Satisfaction in Pregnant Women

Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate whether anxiety levels were related to marital adjustment and sexual satisfaction in pregnant women. Methods: The prospective study was conducted at a gynecology and obstet¬rics outpatient clinic between June and August 2020 and included 70 pregnant women. The Turkish versions of the Marital Adjustment Scale (MAS), the Golombok–Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used to evaluate the participants. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Spearman correlation tests were used to evaluate the normal distribution of the data and the relationship between the BAI and the GRISS and MAS, respectively. Results: The mean participant age was 27.97±3.83 years. Of all participants, 47.1% had a high school degree, 70% had an income of ₺3000 to ₺10000, 68.6% were working women, and 31.4% were smokers. Fifty-two (74.3%) had been married for 1 to 3 years. The mean BAI score was 10.66±9.45, indicating mild anxiety. The mean MAS score was 37.71±10.11, indicating mari¬tal maladjustment. The mean GRISS score was 31.30±12.28, which indicated no sexual dys¬function. We found a negative correlation between anxiety and marital adjustment (p=0.020) and a positive correlation between anxiety and sexual dysfunction (p=0.006). Conclusion: The anxiety level of pregnant women can be affected by marital adjustment and sexual satisfaction. Pregnant women with marital maladjustment should be assessed for anxiety in pregnancy during their visits to healthcare centers.

Experience of Vaginoplasty for Enhancement of Sexual Functioning in a Center in Turkey: A Before and After Study.

ObjectiveThe number of vaginal rejuvenation procedures for improvement of sexual function is dramatically increasing worldwide. The objective of this study was to present our experience with women who presented to our clinic with the complaint of sexual dysfunction or desire to enhance sexual function or orgasm.MethodsDemographic and descriptive data of the patients were evaluated. In addition, sexual dysfunction of the patients who underwent vaginoplasty in our center were evaluated before and after vaginoplasty procedure using Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) scale and the scores were compared before and after the procedure, which is used in the evaluation of sexual dysfunction by relationship counsellors and clinics.ResultsA total of 250 women who described a sensation of a wide or floppy vagina with lost or decreased ability to achieve orgasm were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 38.51±9.126 years. Of all women, 85.2% were college graduates. A history of normal vaginal delivery was found in 77.8% of the participants. The mean GRISS scores of “Infrequency”, “Non-communication”, “Dissatisfaction”, “Non-sensuality”, “Avoidance”, “Anorgasmia” and “overall GRISS” scores were statistically significantly decreased, while the mean vaginismus score was significantly increased (p<0.01).ConclusionHighly satisfying outcomes regarding patient satisfaction were obtained from vaginoplasty procedures that we have performed.

The effect of myths about sexuality and the level of knowledge about sexuality on the marital satisfaction in married couples

To look into the effect of sexual myths and level of knowledge about sexuality on marital satisfaction in married couples. The study was carried on with 104 voluntary respondents; 57 of which are married women and 47 are married men. The data has been collected with Personal Information Questionnaire, Marital Adjustment Test, Sexual Myths Analysis Questionnaire and The Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS), data has been analyzed with SPSS 15.0 software package (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). According to these findings, as the belief in sexual myths increases, the sexual satisfaction decreases; yet the increase in the belief in sexual myths does not affect the marital satisfaction. The findings implicate that as the knowledge about sexuality increases, the sexual satisfaction increases while the marital satisfaction decreases. As the number of sexual myths increases, marital adjustment decreases. The findings don’t show any significant correlation between sexual satisfaction and marital adjustment.

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing measures on the sexual functions of women treated for vaginismus (genitopelvic pain/penetration disorder).

Introduction and hypothesisFemale sexual function is influenced by the emotional and hormonal state. COVID-19 has been the major global health crisis of our time with high psychosocial impact. Vaginismus is a form of female sexual dysfunction and a subset of genitopelvic pain/penetration disorder in which any form of vaginal penetration is painful or impossible. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual function of women treated for vaginismus.Materials and methodsAll women treated using dilators between 2018–2019 were included. Data obtained 3 months after comfortable penetration and during the pandemic via telephone interview were compared. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used to evaluate sexual function and depression. Frequency of sexual intercourse and pain was compared using a visual analogue scale.ResultsSeventy-seven women were included. Mean duration of treatment and number of treatment sessions were 3.5 ± 2.6 months and 4.2 ± 2.6, respectively. There were significant improvements in the FSFI desire, arousal, orgasm, and pain subscales and total score and in the GRISS infrequency, noncommunication, avoidance, non-sensuality, and vaginismus subscales and total score during the pandemic. The GRISS dissatisfaction and anorgasmia subscales and BDI score significantly worsened. Mean frequency of sexual intercourse was 2.3 ± 1.8/week and did not change significantly. Pain scores decreased during the pandemic (2.7 ± 2.8) compared to post-treatment (6.2 ± 2.9).ConclusionAlthough frequency of sexual intercourse was not affected and pain scores and FSFI total and subscale scores improved, satisfaction and orgasm were adversely affected, which may be attributed to increased stress and anxiety during the pandemic.

Evaluation of the marital adjustment and sexual functions in individuals with visual disability.

Sexuality is an important component of marriage. Individuals with visual disability tend to experience more sexual problems, which could deteriorate their marriage relationships and cause difficulties in establishing and maintaining sexual relationships. This study aims to evaluate marital adjustment and sexual functions in individuals with visual disability. The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 95 individuals with visual disability who were members of a relevant private association in Turkey and met the inclusion criteria. The sample size was calculated using the sample with a known population approach. Data were collected using the Sociodemographic Form, the Marital Adjustment Scale (MAS), and the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS). The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn's test, and the Spearman's Rho Correlation Analysis. The mean scores for the MAS and the GRISS were 48.0 (23-60) and 51.5 (17-72), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of individuals with visual disability and their spouses in the MAS by their age (P < 0.05). The subscales of the GRISS (except for frequency and communication) indicated that men with visual disability had problems regarding impotence, premature ejaculation, sensuality, avoidance, and satisfaction subscales. There was a statistically significant and negative relationship between the marital adjustment total scores of the males with visual disability and their scores in the avoidance, satisfaction, frequency, and communication subscales (P < 0.05; P < 0.01). The participants were found to have good marital adjustment. However, males with visual disability had a low level of sexual problems.